Steel structure system

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a steel structural system for erecting stories of buildings, especially stories containing dwelling rooms, work rooms or rooms for accommodating household appliances where at least one floor structure ( 3 ) and ceiling structure ( 30 ) are provided, that each ceiling structure ( 30 ) serves as a floor structure ( 3 ) for another story, that load-bearing story supports ( 2 ) are arranged on the floor structure ( 3 ), and the ceiling structure ( 30 ) rests on these story supports, that an elastically sound-dampening joining system ( 4 ) is provided, which joins each of the story supports ( 2 ) with the floor structure ( 3 ), that the joining system ( 4 ) has a securing element ( 5 ), which is provided for laterally fixing the story support ( 2 ) to the floor structure ( 3 ), and is joined to the floor structure ( 3 ), that the joining system ( 4 ) exhibits a separating layer made out of flexible material with a high degree of resilience when deformed and a low plastic long-term compression, and that the separating layer is arranged between the securing element ( 5 ) joined to the floor structure ( 3 ) and the story support ( 2 ).

[0001] The invention relates to a steel structural system for erectingstories of buildings, especially stories containing dwelling rooms, workrooms or rooms for accommodating household appliances.

[0002] Steel structures are very rarely encountered in homeconstruction. One important reason why is the exceedingly good abilityof steel to transmit structure-borne noise, which is undesired in homeconstruction.

[0003] Known in the art is a steel structure in which a balcony carrieris screwed to a building structure with a polyethylene plateinterspersed. In addition to dissipating heat, the polyethylene platehas a slight insulating effect on the structure-borne noise. Thedisadvantage to this structure is that the balcony carrier and buildingstructure have flanges with through holes for screwed joints. Thescrewed joints exhibit several screws pre-stressed with nuts, whichpenetrate through the flange and polyethylene plate. In this solution,structure-borne noise is transmitted unimpeded, at least via the screwshanks. Furthermore, with this solution, the resonance frequency of amassive plate made out of polyethylene is much too high to achieve anacceptable reduction in structure-borne noise transmission.

[0004] The object of the invention is therefore to provide a steelstructural system that is easy to manipulate and connect, which almostcompletely prevents the transmission of structure-borne noise betweenindividual stories, while at the same time still satisfying allrequirements placed on the strength of the building structure in termsof structural statics.

[0005] This technical problem is resolved according to the invention byvirtue of the fact that at least one floor structure and one ceilingstructure is provided, that each ceiling structure serves as a floorstructure for an additional story, that load-bearing story supports arearranged on the floor structure, and the ceiling structure rests onthese story supports, that an elastically sound-dampening joining systemis provided, which joins each of the story supports with the floorstructure, that the joining system has a securing element, which isprovided for laterally fixing the story support to the floor structure,and is joined to the floor structure, that the joining system exhibits aseparating layer made out of flexible material with a high degree ofresilience when deformed and a low plastic long-term compression, andthat the separating layer is arranged between the securing elementjoined to the floor structure and the story support.

[0006] In particular the story supports as well as the floor and ceilingstructure support beams are made out of steel. The perceived bigadvantage to the steel structural system according to the invention liesin the fact that the steel structural components of the individualbuilding stories are separated from each other by the separating layercomprised of a flexible material, wherein no metal screw joints, inparticular, are used. The transmission of structure-borne noise iseliminated or drastically reduced by virtue of the fact that theflexible material exhibits a high resilience when deformed, as well as alow plastic long-term compression. When installed, such a materialexhibits a resonance frequency not exceeding 15 Hz under a permanentpressure exerted by the building story resting thereupon. Only thistechnical measure has made it possible not to transmit thestructure-borne noise arising within a story structure into an overlyingor underlying building story. The separating layer made out of flexiblematerial here performs two functions. First, it decouples the bottom ofthe story support resting on the floor structure from the floorstructure. To this end, the separating layer is arranged in a horizontalplane between these two building sections. Secondly, the securingelement used for laterally fixing the story support is elasticallydecoupled from the story support in essentially a radial direction ofthe latter. To this end, at least sections of the flexible securingelement are laterally provided with the separating layer, so that thestory support only contacts the securing element indirectly via theseparating layer.

[0007] One property of the flexible material comprising the separatinglayer is that its resonance frequency rises as does the permanentpressure under which the separating layer is compressed. The highestpermanent pressures are reached on the section of the separating layerarranged in the horizontal plane, which separates the bottom of thestory support from the floor structure. The entire building story oreven several building stories here rest on the separating layer.Buildings with a low number of stories can be erected today with thecurrently available flexible materials. In higher buildings, thesustainable permanent load exerted on the flexible separating layer bythe weight of the building and interior fittings can become too great.

[0008] The permanent pressure cannot exceed a specific limit, at whichthe flexible material still exhibits a resonance frequency of about 15Hz, for example. At resonance frequencies exceeding the respectivelimit, the desired sound-insulating effect of the flexible separatinglayer is no longer achieved to the extent sought. Of course,applications in which the resonance frequency to be achieved can even bea bit higher are conceivable, because the resultant transmittablestructure-borne noise can be tolerated. This can be the case in workrooms, for example, in which an elevated noise level prevails anyway. Abetter material might also become available in the future, which yieldsthe desired low resonance frequency at even higher permanent pressuresas the material existing today.

[0009] In addition to the reduced structure-borne noise transmission,the steel structural system according to the invention also provides forparticularly good electrical insulation and seamless thermal insulation.

[0010] The steel structural system according to the invention comprisesseparating layer material of varying qualities. The separating materialsare categorized into permanent load ranges for which they can be used.In multi-story buildings, the lowermost story must use material that canwithstand the permanent pressure of all overlying stories and interiorfittings, for example at a required resonance frequency of <15 Hz. Theoverlying story is decoupled with a separating layer material thatreaches a resonance frequency of <15 Hz at a lower permanent pressure.The varying qualities of the separating material can be color or lettercoded to prevent mistakes during assembly.

[0011] Provided in this way is a steel structural system based on amodular concept, with which building stories, in particular stories withdwelling rooms, work rooms or rooms for accommodating householdappliances, can be erected especially quickly. In addition to the staticrequirements for the separating layer material, the story heights andspans between the story supports are best prescribed in increments.Separating layers varyingly dimensioned in terms of their geometry areavailable for different load classes. The proposed steel structuralsystem not only facilitates the erection of building stories, but alsostreamlines permits with respect to structural statics, since evidencerelating to structural statics can be categorized and transferred fromone construction project to another.

[0012] In a structural steel system whose story supports have aself-contained, tubular section, the securing element of the joiningsystem is favorably designed as a securing mandrel, and the securingmandrel placed on the floor structure projects into the clear of thestory support resting on the floor structure. The story support isparticularly simple to assemble, because no additional joining element,such as a screwed joint, is required. Another benefit stems from thefact that all sections of the joining system are incorporated inside orunderneath the story support in a completely assembled state, and asmooth, tubular floor support is present for purposes of furtherexpansion and erection of the wall structure over the entire height ofthe story.

[0013] To improve manipulation even further, it is helpful for theseparating layer to be designed as a hat-shaped separating element, andexhibit a separating collar that resembles the brim of a hat, that theseparating layer be placed on the securing mandrel, and the separatingcollar of the separating layer be arranged between the face of the floorsupport resting on the floor structure an the floor structure itself.Despite the functional separation of the separating layer into an areasituated in a horizontal plane between the floor support and floorstructure and an area that decouples the floor support in a radialdirection from the securing element of the joining system, a hat-shaped,one-piece separating element is best used for ease of manipulation.

[0014] Also useful is a securing mandrel shaped like a truncated cone,and a floor support provided with a frontal centering receptacle, whichinteracts with the truncated cone of the securing mandrel via aninterspersed separating layer. A coaxial layer between the floor supportand securing mandrel is ensured in this way. This technical measure alsosimplifies the erection of the building, since the truncated cone actsas a guiding aid when setting the floor support onto the securingmandrel. The relatively heavy floor supports are normally positionedover the joining point by means of a hoist. The guiding aid simplifiesassembly for the erecting engineer, who must guide the floor supportonto the securing mandrel by hand. In addition, the guiding aid makes itpossible to assemble the steel structural system more quickly. In termsof sound decoupling, the advantage to the truncated cone of the securingmandrel is that the circular projection surface of the cone, arisingwhen viewed from above, absorbs some of the compressive load acting inthe longitudinal direction of the story support. This tends to reducethe compressive load in the area of the separating layer arranged in ahorizontal plane. This is accompanied by a reduction in the permanentpressure load and resonance frequency of the separating layer.

[0015] Another measure for abating noise inside a building story isachieved by filling the tubular section of the story support withconcrete. In this way, the tubular story support assumes the property ofa sounding board, which radiates sound when excited in whatever way,like the resonating body of a musical instrument. Further, aconcrete-filled story support increases the fire safety of the building.This is because the danger of a dropping modulus of elasticity for thesteel tubular steel of the story support during a rise in temperature isameliorated. In the event of fire, the concrete absorbs a considerableamount of heat, which otherwise would cause the temperature of the storysupport to rise very rapidly, and diminish the stability.

[0016] One alternative embodiment of the steel structural system canexhibit a story support with a massive rod or an open section, whereinthe securing element abuts the story support laterally from outside withthe separating layer interspersed, and is joined with the floorstructure. Possible sections include T-beams, double T-beams or U-beams.The interstices of such beams can also be provided with concrete.

[0017] Beams with open sections most often have flat surfaces arrangedat right angles relative to each other, so that wall elements, windowsand other structural elements can be more easily positioned than, forexample, on story supports with a round cross section.

[0018] The flexible material of the separating layer preferably has adynamic modulus of elasticity between 4 N/mm² and 8 N/mm². The flexiblematerial of the separating layer advantageously consists of expandedpolyurethane with a closed-cell structure. As has been shown, thismaterial has the load-bearing capabilities required in terms ofstructural statics on the one hand, and its cell structure withgas-filled cells makes it useful for decoupling sound.

[0019] Another benefit is derived from expanded polyurethane having acell framework that enables the high resilience of the separating layerafter deformed. In another type of foamed material, the resilience stemsfrom the inner pressure of the gas filled into the foam cells. Since therelatively thin-walled foam cells never tolerate a high inner pressure,the resilience of such foamed materials is very limited, and the latterexhibit distinctly higher compression sets after exposed to acompressive load. This is different for the proposed expandedpolyurethane. As mentioned, expanded polyurethane derives its resiliencefrom the cell structure itself, and therefore retains its resilience andlow resonance frequency for a long time virtually unchanged, even undera permanent load.

[0020] In a modification of the steel structural system, an additionalseparating layer is arranged on the end of the floor support facing theceiling structure, which brings about a sound decoupling relative to theceiling structure. The additional separating layer hence sound decouplesthe story support at its end facing the floor structure by way of thejoining system, as well as at the end facing the ceiling structure.

[0021] To simplify matters, the ceiling structure has secured to it ajoining element facing the floor structure, with which the ceilingstructure rests on the story support with the additional separatinglayer interspersed.

[0022] In order to laterally fix the story support on its end facing theceiling structure as well, both the story support and the additionalseparating layer extend over the joining element secured to the ceilingstructure.

[0023] Finally, a joining system for the sound-decoupled securing of astory support on a floor structure or ceiling structure is proposed,with a securing element attachable to the floor structure or ceilingstructure for the lateral fixation of the story support, and aseparating layer made out of flexible material, which exhibits a highresilience when deformed, and a low plastic long-term compression.

[0024] The invention shall be illustrated by example based on a drawingand described in detail based on the individual figures below: Shown on:

[0025]FIG. 1 is a sectional view through a floor structure and anabutting story support, cutout;

[0026]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a steel beam carrying a securingmandrel resembling a truncated cone, on which a story support can becentrally erected;

[0027]FIG. 3 is a sectional view through a ceiling structure resting ona story support, cutout;

[0028]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a steel beam with a joiningelement secured on the ceiling side, with which the ceiling structurerests on a story support.

[0029]FIG. 1 of the drawing shows a joining point of a magnified view ofa steel structural system 1. This case involves a story support 2, whoseend facing a floor structure 3 is joined with the floor structure 3. Asound-decoupling joining system 4 is provided for joining purposes.

[0030] The joining system 4 has a securing element 5, which is providedon the floor structure 3 for laterally fixing the story support 2, andrigidly attached to the floor structure by screws 6. The joining system4 has a securing mandrel 7 shaped like a truncated cone, which isprovided with an attachment plate 8. The attachment plate 8 has holes 9for accommodating the screws 6, with which the securing element 5 isfixed to the floor structure 3. The securing mandrel 7 and attachmentplate 8 are enveloped by a separating layer made out of flexiblematerial with a high resilience when deformed, which is designed as ahat-shaped separating element 10. The separating element 10 has aseparating collar 10 a that resembles the brim of a hat, which extendsin the horizontal plane of the floor structure, and sound decouples thelatter from the face of the erected story support 2.

[0031] The area 10 b of the separating element 10 abutting the securingmandrel 7 shaped like a truncated cone contacts a pot-shaped centeringreceptacle 2 b, which sits in the clear of the story support 2. It isapproximated to the shape of the securing mandrel 7, and rigidlyattached to the tubular wall of the story support 2. In this way, thestory support 2 is both laterally fixed, and sound-decoupled in theradial direction from the securing mandrel 7 joined with the floorstructure 3. The centering receptacle 2 b also conforms to one side ofthe separating element 10, as the securing mandrel 7 does to theopposing side of the separating element 10. The centering receptacle 2 bforms a floor inside the story support 2, up to which the concretefilling 2 a reaches. The embodiment of a story support 2 provided with acentering receptacle 2 b is advantageously prefabricated together withthe concrete filling 2 a. During assembly at the construction site, nofresh concrete need then be processed, thereby reducing the installationtime.

[0032] Another alternative of a concrete-filled story support 2 (notshown) is built without a floor in the form of a centering receptacle 2b. Due to the missing floor, the concrete 2 a is in direct contact withthe separating element 10, as can be clearly gleaned from FIG. 1. Toachieve a good contact, the story support 2 is first set up empty,without concrete filling. Only when the story support 2 has been set upover the securing mandrel 7 is a filling 2 a consisting of fresh,non-shrinking, swellable, fine concrete. The fine concrete sets in themold defined by the securing mandrel 7 and the separating element 10,and, after it has set, provides for centering and a good transfer offorce between the floor structure 3 and the story support 2.

[0033] The floor structure 3 visible on FIG. 1 essentially consists of aload-bearing beam 11, to which the attachment plate 8 of the securingmandrel 7 is screwed, a sheet with trapezoidal corrugations 12 restingon the load-bearing beam 11, which is filled with concrete 13. In thearea of the sheet with trapezoidal corrugations 12 and the concrete 13,the story support 2 is provided with a jacket 14, which prevents directcontact between the concrete 13 and tubular steel of the story support2, among other things to provide protection against corrosion. Afootfall sound dampener 15 and, over that, a flooring panel 16, rests onthe concrete 13.

[0034] In the finished rooms of the building story, the joining system 4is concealed inside the floor structure 3. Only the smooth surface ofthe story support 2 is visible. Non load-bearing wall structures can besecured to the latter.

[0035]FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a load-bearing beam 11, towhich a securing element 5 is attached for laterally fixing a storysupport. The load-bearing beam 11 is a double T-beam. The securingelement 5 has a securing mandrel 7 shaped like a truncated cone, whoselarge cylindrical base accommodates an attachment plate 8. In turn, thelatter is bolted to the load-bearing beam 11 by means of screwed joints(not shown).

[0036]FIG. 3 shows an alternative or optional measure used to solve theunderlying technical problem. It involves an additional separating layer21 arranged between a ceiling structure 30 and a story support 2. Forthe sake of simplicity, only one load-bearing beam 22 of the ceilingstructure 30 is depicted. A joining element 23 for a story support 2 iswelded to this beam in such a way as to project in the direction of thefloor structure. A lagging floor 24 serving as a bed for the joiningelement 23 of the ceiling structure 30 is welded into the clear of thestory support 2. The separating layer 21 is placed between the joiningelement 23 and the floor 24 of the story support 2. Both the storysupport 2 and the separating layer 21 extend over the joining element 23of the ceiling structure 30 for laterally fixing the story support 2.This measure either permits an additional improvement of the sounddecoupling for a story, or can be used as an alternative when the storysupports on the floor structure cannot be sound decoupled for technicalreasons. Sound decoupling of the story supports on the ceiling structureonly is less effective than on the floor structure.

[0037] A concrete filling 25 of the story support 2 is visibleunderneath the floor 24.

[0038] A story support can be sound decoupled at both one of its twoends, or at both ends simultaneously. Sound decoupling in the area ofthe floor structure 3 is the most effective single measure. This isbecause structure-borne noise most arises from movements on the floorstructure 3, and the structure-borne noise is in this way reduced nearwhere it originates. One optional measure involving sound decoupling atthe end of the story support 2 facing the ceiling structure 30 can beselected if a particularly good sound decoupling is desired.

[0039]FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a load-bearing beam 22 of aceiling structure 30 according to FIG. 3. The load-bearing beam 22 againinvolves a double t-beam, to which a cylindrical joining element 23facing downward toward the floor structure is welded.

Reference List

[0040]1 Steel structural system

[0041]2 Story support

[0042]2 a Concrete filling

[0043]2 b Centering receptacle

[0044]3 Floor structure

[0045]4 Joining system

[0046]5 Securing element

[0047]6 Screw

[0048]7 Truncated cone-shaped securing mandrel

[0049]8 Attachment plate

[0050]9 Hole

[0051]10 Separating element

[0052]10 a Separating collar

[0053]10 b Area

[0054]11 Load-bearing beam

[0055]12 Sheet with trapezoidal corrugations

[0056]13 Concrete

[0057]14 Jacket

[0058]15 Footfall sound dampening

[0059]16 Flooring panel

[0060]21 Additional separating layer

[0061]22 Load-bearing beam

[0062]23 Joining element

[0063]24 Floor

[0064]25 Concrete filling

[0065]30 Ceiling structure

1. Steel structural system for erecting stories of buildings, especiallystories containing dwelling rooms, work rooms or rooms for accommodatinghousehold appliances, characterized in that at least one floor structure(3) and ceiling structure (30) are provided, that each ceiling structure(30) serves as a floor structure (3) for another story, thatload-bearing story supports (2) are arranged on the floor structure (3),and the ceiling structure (30) rests on these story supports, that anelastically sound-dampening joining system (4) is provided, which joinseach of the story supports (2) with the floor structure (3), that thejoining system (4) has a securing element (5), which is provided forlaterally fixing the story support (2) to the floor structure (3), andis joined to the floor structure (3), that the joining system (4)exhibits a separating layer made out of flexible material with a highdegree of resilience when deformed and a low plastic long-termcompression, and that the separating layer is arranged between thesecuring element (5) joined to the floor structure (3) and the storysupport (2).
 2. Steel structural system according to claim 1 with storysupports (2) having a self-contained, tubular section, characterized inthat the securing element (5) of the joining system (4) is designed as asecuring mandrel (7), and that the securing mandrel (7) is placed on thefloor structure (3), and projects into the clear of the story support(2) resting on the floor structure (3).
 3. Steel structural systemaccording to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the separating layer isdesigned as a hat-shaped separating element (10), and exhibits aseparating collar (10 a) that resembles the brim of a hat, that theseparating layer is placed on the securing mandrel (7), and theseparating collar (10 a) of the separating layer is arranged between theface of the floor support (2) resting on the floor structure (3) and thefloor structure (3) itself.
 4. Steel structural system according toclaim 2 or 3, characterized in that the securing mandrel (7) is shapedlike a truncated cone, and the floor support (2) is provided with afrontal centering receptacle (2 b), which interacts with the securingmandrel (7) via the interspersed separating layer, and that a coaxialposition is ensured between the story support (2) and the securingmandrel (7).
 5. Steel structural system according to one of claims 2 to4, characterized in that the tubular section of the story support (2) isfilled with concrete (2 a).
 6. Steel structural system according toclaim 5, characterized in that the concrete (2 a) is a fine,non-shrinking and swellable concrete.
 7. Steel structural systemaccording to claim 1, characterized in that the story support (2) has amassive rod or an open section, and that the securing element (5) abutsthe story support (2) laterally from outside with the separating layerinterspersed, and is joined with the floor structure (3).
 8. Steelstructural system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized inthat the flexible material of the separating layer has a dynamic modulusof elasticity between 4 N/mm² and 8 N/mm².
 9. Steel structural systemaccording to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the flexiblematerial of the separating layer consists of expanded polyurethane witha closed-cell structure.
 10. Steel structural system according to claim9, characterized in that the expanded polyurethane has a resilient cellstructure, which makes the separating layer highly resilient afterdeformed.
 11. Steel structural system according to one of claims 1 to10, characterized in that an additional separating layer is arranged atthe end of the story support (2) facing the ceiling structure (30), andbrings about a sound decoupling relative to the ceiling structure (30).12. Steel structural system according to claim 11, characterized in thatthe ceiling structure (30) has secured to it a joining element (23)facing the floor structure (3), with which the ceiling structure (30)rests on the story support (2) with the additional separating layerinterspersed.
 13. Steel structural system according to claim 12,characterized in that both the story support (2) and the additionalseparating layer extend laterally over the joining element (23). 14.Joining system for the sound-decoupled securing of a story support (2)on a floor structure (3), with a securing element (5) attachable to thefloor structure (3) for the lateral fixation of the story support (2),and a separating layer made out of flexible material, which exhibits ahigh resilience when deformed, and a low plastic long-term compression.